The popular tourist attractions for Phrom Penh are the Shooting Range, the Killing Fields, the Genocide Museum, the Russian Market, and the Central market. Does anyone see a common theme here?
Death, negativity, and depressing activities. I decided to just do two the Russian market and the Genocide museum. Of course, non-touristy attractions along the way such as the Ta Phrom Temple and a primary school where I spent sometime with hopscotch with the kids.
Walking through Phrom Penh in daylight, it is a bit better than night time as there is action in daytime, but I still get an eerie feeling walking the streets. I try to rent a bike and of course it is unsuccessful. The chances of me having a bike that works are very low on my trip. The ones I tried did not have brakes and if you ever saw the traffic in Phrom Penh and the way people drive-you would say this is most likely a death sentence.
The streets feel full of real culture with many food stands, locals eating noodle soup, preparing local delicacies, and always the tuk tuks roaming the streets looking for customers. My local interaction is not as strong as other places , but I connect with a few that are genuine and curious about my trip and background. I also met the cutest little 3 year old who was half Chinese and half Cambodia-what a doll.
The Tuol Sleng Genocide Musuem
As I have mentioned before, the Khmer rouge came in 1975 and wiped out over 2 million people in Cambodia. The site used to be a high school, but it was used as a Security prison during the regime. They have all the cells still in the same condition with a metal bed and torture chains. They show the bars where they were tortured and forced to exercise outside. They have thousands of faces(the photographs taken when first arriving to the prison) looking at you as you walk through. Some look worried, anxious, petrified, sad, and confused. There are human skulls that they have lined up in cabinets and paintings depicting the torture and tragedy. The stories that were posted by survivors were heart felt and made me feel such sadness for these people.
As a human being that sincerely FEELS and is ALIVE, I had difficulty accepting these deaths and the absurdity of this whole regime. These were human beings, teachers, doctors, students, children just wiped out and tortured for absurd reasons. After this, I spoke with a survivor who was selling his book. Out of 17,000 imprisoned, there has been record of only 7 survivors. I knew that I did not want to go to the killing fields as I had already been exposed to enough of the reality of this historical tragedy.
Here is a description from Wikipedia as it has detail of their routine in prison:
Life in the prison
Upon arrival at the prison, prisoners were photographed and required to give detailed autobiographies, beginning with their childhood and ending with their arrest. After that, they were forced to strip to their underwear, and their possessions were confiscated. The prisoners were then taken to their cells. Those taken to the smaller cells were shackled to the walls or the concrete floor. Those who were held in the large mass cells were collectively shackled to long pieces of iron bar. The shackles were fixed to alternating bars; the prisoners slept with their heads in opposite directions. They slept on the floor without mats, mosquito nets, or blankets. They were forbidden to talk to each other.
[1]The day in the prison began at 4:30 a.m. when prisoners were ordered to strip for inspection. The guards checked to see if the shackles were loose or if the prisoners had hidden objects they could use to commit suicide. Over the years, several prisoners managed to kill themselves, so the guards were very careful in checking the shackles and cells. The prisoners received four small spoonfuls of rice porridge and watery soup of leaves twice a day. Drinking water without asking the guards for permission resulted in serious beatings. The inmates were hosed down every four days.
[1]The prison had very strict regulations, and severe beatings were inflicted upon any prisoner who tried to disobey. Almost every action had to be approved by one of the prison's guards. They were sometimes forced to eat human feces and drink human urine.
The unhygienic living conditions in the prison caused
skin diseases,
lice,
rashes,
ringworm and other ailments. The prison's medical staffs were untrained and offered treatment only to sustain prisoners’ lives after they had been injured during interrogation. When prisoners were taken from one place to another for interrogation, their faces were covered. Guards and prisoners were not allowed to converse. Moreover, within the prison, people who were in different groups were not allowed to have contact with one another.
Torture and extermination
Waterboard displayed at Tuol Sleng. Prisoners' legs were shackled to the bar on the right, their wrists were restrained to the brackets on the left and water was poured over their face using the blue watering can.
Photos of the victims of the Khmer Rouge line the walls
Cabinets filled with human skulls
Most prisoners at S-21 were held there for two to three months. However, several high-ranking Khmer Rouge cadres were held longer. Within two or three days after they were brought to S-21, all prisoners were taken for interrogation.
[1] The torture system at Tuol Sleng was designed to make prisoners confess to whatever crimes they were charged with by their captors. Prisoners were routinely beaten and tortured with electric shocks, searing hot metal instruments and hanging, as well as through the use of various other devices. Some prisoners were cut with knives or suffocated with plastic bags. Other methods for generating confessions included pulling out fingernails while pouring alcohol on the wounds, holding prisoners’ heads under water, and the use of the
waterboarding technique (see picture). Females were sometimes raped by the interrogators, even though sexual abuse was against Democratic Kampuchea (DK) policy. The perpetrators who were found out were executed.
[1] Although many prisoners died from this kind of abuse, killing them outright was discouraged, since the Khmer Rouge needed their confessions. The "Medical Unit" at Tuol Sleng, however, did kill at least 100 prisoners by bleeding them to death.
[4]In their confessions, the prisoners were asked to describe their personal background. If they were party members, they had to say when they joined the revolution and describe their work assignments in DK. Then the prisoners would relate their supposed treasonous activities in chronological order. The third section of the confession text described prisoners’ thwarted conspiracies and supposed treasonous conversations. At the end, the confessions would list a string of traitors who were the prisoners’ friends, colleagues, or acquaintances. Some lists contained over a hundred names. People whose names were in the confession list were often called in for interrogation.
[1]Typical confessions ran into thousands of words in which the prisoner would interweave true events in their lives with imaginary accounts of their espionage activities for the
CIA, the
KGB, or
Vietnam. The confession of
Hu Nim ended with the words "I am not a human being, I'm an animal". A young Englishman named
John Dawson Dewhirst who was arrested in August 1978 claimed to have joined the CIA at age 12 upon his father receiving a substantial bribe from a work colleague, also an agent. Physical torture was combined with sleep deprivation and deliberate neglect of the prisoners. The torture implements are on display in the museum. It is believed that the vast majority of prisoners were innocent of the charges against them and that the torture produced false confessions.
For the first year of S-21’s existence, corpses were buried near the prison. However, by the end of 1976, cadres ran out of burial spaces, the prisoner and their family were taken to the
Choeung Ek extermination centre, fifteen kilometers from Phnom Penh. There, they were killed by being battered with iron bars, pickaxes, machetes and many other makeshift weapons owing to the scarcity, and subsequent price of ammunition. After the prisoners were executed, the soldiers who had accompanied them from S-21 buried them in graves that held as few as 6 and as many as 100 bodies.
Another extremely popular dance included in most traditional dance performances in Siem Reap is the Theatrical Folk Dance known as the 'Fishing Dance.' The Fishing Dance is a playful, energetic folk dance with a strong, easy-to-follow story line. It was developed in the 1960s at the Royal University of Fine Arts in Phnom Penh and was inspired by the developer's interpretation of certain rather idealized and stereotyped aspects aspects of rural life and young love. Clad in rural attire, a group of young men and women fish with rattan baskets and scoops, dividing their attention between work and flirtatious glances. Women are portrayed as hardworking, shy, demurring and coy, whereas the young men are strong, unrestrained, roguish and assertive. As the dance continues a couple is separated from the group allowing the flirtations between them to intensify, only to be spoiled by the male character playing a bit too rough, leading to her coy rejection. He pokes and plays trying to win her back, bringing only further rejection. Eventually he gently apologizes on bended knee and after some effort, draws a smile and her attention once again. Just as they move together, the group returns, startling the couple and evoking embarrassment as they both rush to their 'proper' roles once again. The men and women exit at opposite sides of the stage, leaving the couple almost alone, but under pressure of the groups, they separate, leaving in opposite directions, yet with index finger placed to mouth, hint of a secret promise to meet again. (In an interesting side note, placing one's index finger to the lips to denote quiet or secrecy is not, generally speaking, a gesture found in Cambodia, but is common in the West. Its employment in the dance probably indicates a certain amount of 'foreign influence' amongst the Cambodian choreographers when the dance was developed in the 1960s.) 